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"This picture from a 15th Century book shows Ptolemy using an astrolabe. The artist has confused him with an Egyptian king of the same name, which explains the crown." (John J. O'Connor and Edmund F. Robertson) "Anonymous (15th Century), Claudius Ptolemy in Alexandria Library." (Raymond Bélanger) "The instrument shown in the this image is indeed an astrolabe. It appears to be a planispheric astrolabe, which were common in both Europe and the Arab world throughout the Middle Ages. It should be noted that it is unlikely that Ptolemy himself used any of these devices. He did use an armillary (spherical) astrolabe for astronomical measurements. Also, it should be noted that the legitimacy of nearly all of Ptolemy's astronomical observations has been questioned. It is now clear that most (if not all) of Ptolemy's astronomical work was done by calculation from theory rather than from actual observation. See Newton 1977." (Keith Pickering) |
« Ce livre du XVe siècle montre Ptolémée ulitisant un astrolabe. La couronne démontre que l'artiste l'a confondu avec les rois égyptiens homonymes (John J. O'Connor and Edmund F. Robertson). » « Anonyme (XVe siècle), Claude Ptolémée dans la bibliothèque d'Alexandrie (Raymond Bélanger). » « L'instrument montré dans cette image est en effet un astrolabe. Il semble qu'il s'agisse d'un astrolable planisphérique, qui était utilisé couramment en Europe et dans les pays arabes au Moyen Âge. On doit noter qu'il est improbable que Ptolémée ait utilisé ces instruments. Il utilisa une astrolabe armillaire (sphérique) pour des mesures astronomiques. On doit également tenir compte du fait que presque toutes les observations astronomiques de Ptolémée ont été remises en question. Il semble admis que la plus grande partie de la contribution (sinon toute) de Ptolémée provient de calculs théoriques et non d'observations réelles. Voir Newton 1977. (Keith Pickering) » |
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François-Marc Gagnon, professeur émérite, département d'histoire de l'art, Université de Montréal.
Keith Pickering.
Robert H. van Gent, Utrecht.
Bélanger, Raymond, « Claude Ptolémée », Semantika, Index des philosophes et des scientifiques, Laval (Québec), Collège Montmorency, département de philosophie.
O'Connor, John J. and Edmund F. Robertson, "Claudius Ptolemy", The MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of Saint Andrews, Scotland, School of Mathematics and Statistics, April 1999.
Unilab, Was There a Scientific Revolution?, California Institute of Technology.
Ritratto immaginario di Tolomeo nel codice della Geographia. Figura 36.
Venezia, Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana
Boorstin 1991 - D.J. Boorstin, The Discoverers, An Illustrated History of Man's Search to Know his World and Himself, New York, Harry N. Abrams, 1991, 2 vols., vol. 1, p. 39.
Hoskin 1997 - Hoskin, M. (ed.), Cambridge Illustrated History of Astronomy, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1997, ill. p. 42. "A severely cropped version." (Robert H. van Gent)
Levenson 1991 - J.A. Levenson (ed.), Circa 1492, Art in the Age of Exploration, Washington/New Haven/London, National Gallery of Art/Yale University Press, 1991, p. 226-227.
Newton 1977 - R. R. Newton, The Crime of Claudius Ptolemy, Baltimore (MD), Johns Hopkins University Press, 1977.
Turner 1987 - A. Turner, Early Scientific Instruments, Europe 1400--1800, London, Sotheby's Publications, 1987, p. 41.
Turner 1990 - G. L. E. Turner, Storia delle scienze, Gli strumenti, Milan, Banca Popolare di Milano, 1990, p. 17.