Les sources iconographiques
des portraits fictifs du père jésuite Jacques Marquette |
1921 Frank Herbert Zeitler
Frank Herbert Zeitler (1874-1940), Marquette and Joliet Exploring the Upper Mississippi, 1921, oil painting on canvas, Wisconsin Historical Museum Online Collections.
La composition présente le canot de Marquette et Jolliet alors qu'il vient de tourner un coude du Mississippi, ce qui permet d'illustrer à la fois la forêt, tout près, et les montagnes à l'horizon. Le canot qui les suit est mené par deux Amérindiens.
« Frank H. Zeitler made this painting in 1921. He was born in Germany in 1874 and died in Milwaukee, Wisconsin on July 30, 1940. His obituary, which appeared in the Milwaukee Journal, 7/31/1940, noted that his religious paintings (including murals) and sculptures were in churches in many parts of the world. His work could be seen in St. Francis and St. Joseph's Churches and at Holy Cross Church and Calvary Cemetery, Milwaukee. On October 31, 1982, the State Historical Society purchased this painting by Zeitler from Bill Marshall of Bagley, Wisconsin. » Source : Wisconsin Historical Museum Online Collections.
Marquette se tient debout dans le canot vu profil, cheveux longs et imberbe, le regard tourné vers le ciel, rabat, main droite repliée sur l'abdomen près de sa croix à sa ceinture, main gauche pendante tenant son large chapeau : il est donc davantage en communication avec le ciel qu'avec le paysage environnant. Un Amérindien, à demi-nu, avironne à l'avant et Jolliet à l'arrière, chapeau, longue barbe, bandoulière et rame, un panier vide devant lui. La facture générale, quoique relevant de l'art savant, présente également des aspects d'art naïf, populaire ou kitsch.
« "[...] in 1672 Louis Jolliet brought news that Father Marquette was to take part in the exploration of the Mississippi River. The two men with five French companions left the mission on May 17, 1673, and via Green Bay ascended the Fox River, transferred to the Wisconsin at the present site of Portage, and reached the Mississippi on June 17, 1673, the first Europeans to cross what would become the state of Wisconsin. The party continued to follow the Mississippi southward until July 17, 1673, when they turned back near the present site of Arkansas City, Ark. [...] In 1887 Father Marquette was chosen as one of the two Wisconsinites to represent the state in Statuary Hall of the U.S. Capitol." (State Historical Society of Wisconsin, Dictionary of Wisconsin Biography, 1960, p. 239-240.) » Source : Wisconsin Historical Museum Online Collections.
L'image, assez répandue sur internet, a été trafiquée, en travestissant le personnage de Marquette en burka et celui de Jolliet avec un turban...! Allez savoir pourquoi avoir choisi celle-ci précisément ?
Source : Google Images.
Zeitler s'est également intéressé à d'autres sujets historiques, tel que ce tableau de Christophe Colomb...
Frank Herbert Zeitler (1874-1940), Columbus landing at the Indian Islands, 1921, oil on masonite, Shelton Gallery, Nashville, TN.